Meiji Restoration: The Opening of Japan
Bibliography
History Fair: Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Awaji-Kami, Muragaki. Diary of the First Japanese Embassy to the United States. http://www.archive.org/stream/firstjapaneseemb00ameriala
This Primary source was a dairy written by one of the first Japanese to leave the country to look at the United States and Industrialized world. This source gave us insight on how the Japanese viewed the United States and how they reacted to this new technology we had and were prepared to trade to them.
Brunton, Richard H. Building Japan 1868-1876. Japan Library Limited, 1991.
This source is a book written by Richard Brunton who lived in Japan from 1868 to 1876 originally to teach them how to build lighthouses so foreign trade ships would not crash, but ended up teaching them how to set up government and other things that Japan decide was essential to learn at the time.
Dresner, Jonathan. "1889 Japanese Constitution." History Department, Hanover College. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1889con.html>.
This source is an online scan of the actual Meiji Constitution which was created in light of the Meiji Restoration in 1889. The Meiji Constitution was an important consequence of the Meiji Restoration; it provided the emperor with full military power which led to major abuse of this power specifically by Hirohito in World War II.
Fukuzawa, Yukichi, and Eiichi Kiyooka. The Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Print.
This source is an autobiography of Yukuchi Fukuzawa who was a key figure in the Cultural Revolution that Japan went through. He translated many western works to the Japanese and wrote many books that were important for introducing the Japanese to foreigners. This will be useful because it shows us how the Japanese viewed westerners as aliens.
"The Harris Treaty, 1858." Courses Pages. Web. 11 Nov. 2010.
<http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob58.html>.
This source is of The Harris Treaty which was an unequal treaty between the Japanese
and the United States and it pushed the Japanese over the limit in terms of debate. It
forced the Japanese to make tough decisions and it was a pivotal moment during the Meiji Restoration.
Hawks, Francis L., and Sidney Wallach. Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan. London: Macdonald, 1954.
This source is a description of the journals and notes of Commodore Perry and his officers. These were taken at his request and under his direct supervision. This narrative is helpful in our research because we are able to view and American perspective on the diplomacy of Perry’s negotiations.
"Meiji Reforms - Kishida Toshiko, (1863-1901) - Japan - Primary Source." Women In World History Curriculum. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/WR-04.html>.
This source gives quotes as well as primary information on the social changes that occurred during the Meiji Restoration. It primarily focuses on Women’s rights during the Meiji era and describes the Meiji Civil Code of 1898. This will be useful in our research because it gives us a viewpoint for the lower classes and women during the Meiji Restoration.
Whitney, Clara A., M. William Steele, and Tamiko Ichimata. Clara's Diary: an American Girl in Meiji Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1979.
This book is about a 15 year old who arrived in Tokyo in 1875. She wrote a detailed journal about Japanese life during the Meiji period. She typically wrote positively about perspective about someone who experienced Meiji Era Japan.
Secondary Sources
Akamatsu, Paul. Meiji 1868: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Japn. New York: Harper &
Row, 1972. Print.
This source sheds light mainly on the revolution and counter-revolution that occurred in Japan during the Meiji Restoration. It also provides good information on the historical context of the situation, including the Perry negotiations that shook the Tokugawa shogunate.
Avakian, Monique. The Meiji Restoration and the Rise of Modern Japan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett, 1991. Print.
This book gives a general synopsis on the pre-occurring and occurring events during the Meiji Restoration. It also defines important positions during the Meiji Restoration. Its textbook style writing helps us extract important information to include in our project.
Barr, Pat. The Coming of the Barbarians. New York: Tuttle, 1972. Print.
The Coming of Barbarians gave us an important perspective of xenophobes during the Meiji Era, when Japan opened to the world. This source helped us better our understanding of the debate that took place in Japan on how to react to western encroachment because there were many against the new Western ideas and customs that were brought by the “barbarians”.
Benfey, Christopher. The Great Wave: Gilded Age Misfits, Japanese Eccentrics, and the Opening of Old Japan. New York: Random House, 2003. Print.
This source gave us American perspectives on life during the “gilded age” in America, and the “Meiji era” in Japan. The book tells us a story about a tightly knit group of 19th century American travelers who dedicated themselves to exploring and preserving old Japan.
Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 2000. Print.
This source on Hirohito, the grandson of Emperor Meiji, sheds light on some of the consequences including the successes and failures of the Meiji Restoration, Hirohito could be perceived as one of these consequences. Overall this source helped our research on the major consequences of the Meiji Restoration, such as aggressive expansionism.
Bouvier, Nicolas. The Japanese Chronicles. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1992. Print.
This source was helpful because it gave us a general view of the Japanese reaction to Perry’s voyage and how the Japanese reacted as a nation to the change that took place. This book was reliable because it said the same thing as other sources and cited other sources in it.
“A Brief Summary of the Perry Expedition to Japan, 1853” Naval History and Heritage Command. 23 Mar. 2004. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/perry_exp.htm>.
This source not only gives a summary on the debate but it also provides key details on the supplies carried by Commodore Perry’s crew. It also tells of the exchange of gifts that the Japanese made with the United States. This source is very reliable because it is from the U.S navy department library.
Busch, Noel Fairchild. The Horizon Concise History of Japan,. New York: American Heritage Pub., 1972. Print.
This source was extremely helpful because it gave a detailed description of Perry’s negotiations with the Japanese and it told us what reforms took place in the Meiji Restoration. This source also talked about multiple primary sources which I researched and found.
Chung, TK. "Meiji Restoration." TheCorner. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecorner.org/hist/japan/meiji1.htm>.
This source was helpful because it described what happened to the shoguns and samurai class when the Meiji Restoration took place. The website also gives analysis on why these changes took place and what led up to these changes.
Columbia University. "Modern History: The Meiji Restoration and Modernization." Asia for Educators | Columbia University. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/modernhist/meiji.html>.
This website made by Columbia University concisely explained the social, economic, and political changes that took place during the Meiji Restoration, and the ideologies that were present at the time. It also explained the rebellions, or debate, by the conservative samurai class on how to react to foreign encroachment.
Cunningham, Mark E., and Lawrence J. Zwier. The End of the Shoguns and the Birth of Modern Japan. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century, 2009. Print.
This text offers various quotes from the Meiji Era as well as good analysis on the key events during the Meiji Era. It describes many of the controversial moments and important turning points in Japanese society including the Meiji Restoration. This book has been tremendously helpful when gathering helpful primary quotes.
Dower, John W. Japan in War and Peace: Selected Essays. New York: New, 1993. Print.
This source was helpful because it showed different views on the Meiji Restoration from a historian’s standpoint and both gave us facts on the Meiji Restoration and it presented arguments pertaining to the Meiji Restoration. This source is reliable because it cites sources it used in it and agrees with other sources.
Dower, John W. Personal Interview. 1 Dec. 2010.
Although this interview was set up last minute, it proved to be very useful. We have read Dower’s book, Japan in War and Peace, and Dower proved to be an expert in the history of Japan. We learned a lot from him concerning the society changes and diplomacy that occurred during the Meiji Restoration. We interviewed Professor Dower over the telephone and he clearly proved to be an expert historian concerning the Meiji era.
Feifer, George. Breaking Open Japan: Commodore Perry, Lord Abe, and American Imperialism in 1853. New York: Smithsonian /Collins, 2006. Print.
This source has been tremendously helpful in our search for information on Perry’s diplomacy, and the debate and decisions that were made by the Japanese after the negotiations. The book also provided key information on the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during the Meiji Restoration.
Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: from Tokugawa times to the Present. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.
This book basically described all the major events that took place from the Tokugawa times to the present in Japan, which is very helpful for our research. He illuminates the interconnectedness of Japanese developments with world history, demonstrating how Japan’s historical passage represents a variation of a process experienced by many nations.
Gordon, Andrew. Personal Interview. 3 Dec. 2010
We emailed Andrew Gordon, however he was in Japan so we were unable to contact him over the telephone. He was kind enough to answer a few questions through emailing. The questions that he answered proved to be very useful in our topic. He knew a lot about Perry’s mission and the debate that started because of the pressure to industrialize.
Gordon, Bill. "Tokugawa Periods Influence on Meiji Restoration." Home Page of Bill Gordon. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/papers/jhist1.htm>.
This website provides quality information on the events that took place during the Meiji Restoration. It also sheds light on the effects of the restoration as well.
Indiana University. "The Meiji Restoration." Indiana University. Web. 11 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.indiana.edu/~hisdcl/h207_2002/meijirestorationnotes.htm>.
This website source provided a brief but concise overview of why the Meiji Restoration occurred, what actually occurred during the Restoration, and what some of the consequences of the Restoration were.
Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2000.
This remarkable source gave us a great deal of information about various aspects of the Meiji Restoration including the events leading up to it, the debate that took place on what to do, and the Restoration itself including the changes that were made during the era. We approve this source.
"Japan." U.S. Department of State. 6 Oct. 2010. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm>.
This source gives information on present day Japan such as statistics as well as the history of Japan which includes many important topics such as the wars and government/political conditions during the Meiji Restoration. This source is a good way to judge how important Japan was in terms of world power at that time.
Kerr, Alex. Dogs and Demons: Tales from the Dark Side of Japan. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.
This source was helpful in showing us the negatives of the Meiji Restoration and the consequences of it. However it was a fairly general source so it will more help us in knowing what to look for in future sources.
The Last Samurai. Dir. Edward Zwick. Perf. Tom Cruise. 2003. Film.
This film provides accurate the Satsuma Rebellion. It is very helpful because it gave us a visual interpretation of the event and the information given in the movie is partially correct as far as historical accuracy.
Mitchell, Joseph R. Taking Sides: Clashing Views in World History: the Ancient World to the
Pre-modern Era ;. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Contemporary Learning Series, 2007.
This book provided us with clashing viewpoints regarding the Meiji Restoration and whether or not it was a revolution. It also provided good analysis on the events that occurred during the Restoration itself.
Perez, Louis G. The History of Japan. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2009.
This book provides various analytical histories of Japan throughout its history, including the Meiji Restoration. It describes the major changes in Japan’s society throughout its history. It was helpful for our understanding of the major changes that occurred in Japan.
Pilbeam, Mavis. Japan under the Shoguns, 1185-1868. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.
This book was helpful because it gave us a general view of the Meiji Restoration and what took place. This was a good starting place for our research and was a reliable source because it agrees with other sources.
Reingold, Edwin M. Chrysanthemums and Thorns: the Untold Story of Modern Japan. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.
This source was helpful for our understanding on the “untold stories” modern Japan, including some events that took place during the Meiji Restoration. Reingold contends that the real story of Japan’s economic revival is a success that has been achieved at tremendous human cost.
Reischauer, Edwin O., and Edwin O. Reischauer. The Japanese Today: Change and Continuity. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1988.
This source was a very detailed source that both gave factual information about the Perry negotiations and the Meiji restoration as well as connected that to how Japan ended up as the power it is today. This book was essential to our research.
Reynolds, Robert L. Commodore Perry In Japan. New York: American Heritage, 1963.
This book provided insightful, easy to read information on the negotiations and diplomacy that took place during Commodore Perry’s expedition to Japan. It also gave us good information on the aftermath of the diplomacy, including more of the unequal treaties that were made in Japan by other countries.
Roberts, John G. Black Ships and Rising Sun: the Opening of Japan to the West. New York: J. Messner, 1971.
This book gives us a description of the Commodore Perry mission, and it also depicts how Japanese leadership changed in the aftermath of the mission. It also provides good information on the national turmoil and debate that ensued after the unequal treaties, specifically Perry’s mission.
Siniawer, Eiko Maruko. Ruffians, Yakuza, Nationalists: the Violent Politics of Modern Japan, 1860-1960. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2008.
This source describes the violent politics during the Meiji Era, and how the government had little experience of democracy before the Western encroachment. It is helpful in our understanding of the turmoil that occurred during this time period.
Somerville, Barbara A. Samurai, Shoguns, and Soldiers: the Rise of the Japanese Military. Detroit: Lucent, 2008.
This book describes the pivotal eras during Japan including the Meiji era, and describes how industrialization and modernization was difficult during the Meiji Restoration. It also discussed how powerful the military was during Meiji Japan.
"World Timelines - Japan - AD 1868-1912 Meiji." World Timelines - Home. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/asia/japan/AD1868-1912>.
This internet timeline is very helpful in our understanding of the general overview of events that occurred during Meiji Japan. It provides a brief summary of each event.
Primary Sources
Awaji-Kami, Muragaki. Diary of the First Japanese Embassy to the United States. http://www.archive.org/stream/firstjapaneseemb00ameriala
This Primary source was a dairy written by one of the first Japanese to leave the country to look at the United States and Industrialized world. This source gave us insight on how the Japanese viewed the United States and how they reacted to this new technology we had and were prepared to trade to them.
Brunton, Richard H. Building Japan 1868-1876. Japan Library Limited, 1991.
This source is a book written by Richard Brunton who lived in Japan from 1868 to 1876 originally to teach them how to build lighthouses so foreign trade ships would not crash, but ended up teaching them how to set up government and other things that Japan decide was essential to learn at the time.
Dresner, Jonathan. "1889 Japanese Constitution." History Department, Hanover College. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1889con.html>.
This source is an online scan of the actual Meiji Constitution which was created in light of the Meiji Restoration in 1889. The Meiji Constitution was an important consequence of the Meiji Restoration; it provided the emperor with full military power which led to major abuse of this power specifically by Hirohito in World War II.
Fukuzawa, Yukichi, and Eiichi Kiyooka. The Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Print.
This source is an autobiography of Yukuchi Fukuzawa who was a key figure in the Cultural Revolution that Japan went through. He translated many western works to the Japanese and wrote many books that were important for introducing the Japanese to foreigners. This will be useful because it shows us how the Japanese viewed westerners as aliens.
"The Harris Treaty, 1858." Courses Pages. Web. 11 Nov. 2010.
<http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob58.html>.
This source is of The Harris Treaty which was an unequal treaty between the Japanese
and the United States and it pushed the Japanese over the limit in terms of debate. It
forced the Japanese to make tough decisions and it was a pivotal moment during the Meiji Restoration.
Hawks, Francis L., and Sidney Wallach. Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan. London: Macdonald, 1954.
This source is a description of the journals and notes of Commodore Perry and his officers. These were taken at his request and under his direct supervision. This narrative is helpful in our research because we are able to view and American perspective on the diplomacy of Perry’s negotiations.
"Meiji Reforms - Kishida Toshiko, (1863-1901) - Japan - Primary Source." Women In World History Curriculum. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/WR-04.html>.
This source gives quotes as well as primary information on the social changes that occurred during the Meiji Restoration. It primarily focuses on Women’s rights during the Meiji era and describes the Meiji Civil Code of 1898. This will be useful in our research because it gives us a viewpoint for the lower classes and women during the Meiji Restoration.
Whitney, Clara A., M. William Steele, and Tamiko Ichimata. Clara's Diary: an American Girl in Meiji Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1979.
This book is about a 15 year old who arrived in Tokyo in 1875. She wrote a detailed journal about Japanese life during the Meiji period. She typically wrote positively about perspective about someone who experienced Meiji Era Japan.
Secondary Sources
Akamatsu, Paul. Meiji 1868: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Japn. New York: Harper &
Row, 1972. Print.
This source sheds light mainly on the revolution and counter-revolution that occurred in Japan during the Meiji Restoration. It also provides good information on the historical context of the situation, including the Perry negotiations that shook the Tokugawa shogunate.
Avakian, Monique. The Meiji Restoration and the Rise of Modern Japan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett, 1991. Print.
This book gives a general synopsis on the pre-occurring and occurring events during the Meiji Restoration. It also defines important positions during the Meiji Restoration. Its textbook style writing helps us extract important information to include in our project.
Barr, Pat. The Coming of the Barbarians. New York: Tuttle, 1972. Print.
The Coming of Barbarians gave us an important perspective of xenophobes during the Meiji Era, when Japan opened to the world. This source helped us better our understanding of the debate that took place in Japan on how to react to western encroachment because there were many against the new Western ideas and customs that were brought by the “barbarians”.
Benfey, Christopher. The Great Wave: Gilded Age Misfits, Japanese Eccentrics, and the Opening of Old Japan. New York: Random House, 2003. Print.
This source gave us American perspectives on life during the “gilded age” in America, and the “Meiji era” in Japan. The book tells us a story about a tightly knit group of 19th century American travelers who dedicated themselves to exploring and preserving old Japan.
Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 2000. Print.
This source on Hirohito, the grandson of Emperor Meiji, sheds light on some of the consequences including the successes and failures of the Meiji Restoration, Hirohito could be perceived as one of these consequences. Overall this source helped our research on the major consequences of the Meiji Restoration, such as aggressive expansionism.
Bouvier, Nicolas. The Japanese Chronicles. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1992. Print.
This source was helpful because it gave us a general view of the Japanese reaction to Perry’s voyage and how the Japanese reacted as a nation to the change that took place. This book was reliable because it said the same thing as other sources and cited other sources in it.
“A Brief Summary of the Perry Expedition to Japan, 1853” Naval History and Heritage Command. 23 Mar. 2004. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/perry_exp.htm>.
This source not only gives a summary on the debate but it also provides key details on the supplies carried by Commodore Perry’s crew. It also tells of the exchange of gifts that the Japanese made with the United States. This source is very reliable because it is from the U.S navy department library.
Busch, Noel Fairchild. The Horizon Concise History of Japan,. New York: American Heritage Pub., 1972. Print.
This source was extremely helpful because it gave a detailed description of Perry’s negotiations with the Japanese and it told us what reforms took place in the Meiji Restoration. This source also talked about multiple primary sources which I researched and found.
Chung, TK. "Meiji Restoration." TheCorner. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecorner.org/hist/japan/meiji1.htm>.
This source was helpful because it described what happened to the shoguns and samurai class when the Meiji Restoration took place. The website also gives analysis on why these changes took place and what led up to these changes.
Columbia University. "Modern History: The Meiji Restoration and Modernization." Asia for Educators | Columbia University. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/modernhist/meiji.html>.
This website made by Columbia University concisely explained the social, economic, and political changes that took place during the Meiji Restoration, and the ideologies that were present at the time. It also explained the rebellions, or debate, by the conservative samurai class on how to react to foreign encroachment.
Cunningham, Mark E., and Lawrence J. Zwier. The End of the Shoguns and the Birth of Modern Japan. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century, 2009. Print.
This text offers various quotes from the Meiji Era as well as good analysis on the key events during the Meiji Era. It describes many of the controversial moments and important turning points in Japanese society including the Meiji Restoration. This book has been tremendously helpful when gathering helpful primary quotes.
Dower, John W. Japan in War and Peace: Selected Essays. New York: New, 1993. Print.
This source was helpful because it showed different views on the Meiji Restoration from a historian’s standpoint and both gave us facts on the Meiji Restoration and it presented arguments pertaining to the Meiji Restoration. This source is reliable because it cites sources it used in it and agrees with other sources.
Dower, John W. Personal Interview. 1 Dec. 2010.
Although this interview was set up last minute, it proved to be very useful. We have read Dower’s book, Japan in War and Peace, and Dower proved to be an expert in the history of Japan. We learned a lot from him concerning the society changes and diplomacy that occurred during the Meiji Restoration. We interviewed Professor Dower over the telephone and he clearly proved to be an expert historian concerning the Meiji era.
Feifer, George. Breaking Open Japan: Commodore Perry, Lord Abe, and American Imperialism in 1853. New York: Smithsonian /Collins, 2006. Print.
This source has been tremendously helpful in our search for information on Perry’s diplomacy, and the debate and decisions that were made by the Japanese after the negotiations. The book also provided key information on the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during the Meiji Restoration.
Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: from Tokugawa times to the Present. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.
This book basically described all the major events that took place from the Tokugawa times to the present in Japan, which is very helpful for our research. He illuminates the interconnectedness of Japanese developments with world history, demonstrating how Japan’s historical passage represents a variation of a process experienced by many nations.
Gordon, Andrew. Personal Interview. 3 Dec. 2010
We emailed Andrew Gordon, however he was in Japan so we were unable to contact him over the telephone. He was kind enough to answer a few questions through emailing. The questions that he answered proved to be very useful in our topic. He knew a lot about Perry’s mission and the debate that started because of the pressure to industrialize.
Gordon, Bill. "Tokugawa Periods Influence on Meiji Restoration." Home Page of Bill Gordon. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/papers/jhist1.htm>.
This website provides quality information on the events that took place during the Meiji Restoration. It also sheds light on the effects of the restoration as well.
Indiana University. "The Meiji Restoration." Indiana University. Web. 11 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.indiana.edu/~hisdcl/h207_2002/meijirestorationnotes.htm>.
This website source provided a brief but concise overview of why the Meiji Restoration occurred, what actually occurred during the Restoration, and what some of the consequences of the Restoration were.
Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2000.
This remarkable source gave us a great deal of information about various aspects of the Meiji Restoration including the events leading up to it, the debate that took place on what to do, and the Restoration itself including the changes that were made during the era. We approve this source.
"Japan." U.S. Department of State. 6 Oct. 2010. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm>.
This source gives information on present day Japan such as statistics as well as the history of Japan which includes many important topics such as the wars and government/political conditions during the Meiji Restoration. This source is a good way to judge how important Japan was in terms of world power at that time.
Kerr, Alex. Dogs and Demons: Tales from the Dark Side of Japan. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.
This source was helpful in showing us the negatives of the Meiji Restoration and the consequences of it. However it was a fairly general source so it will more help us in knowing what to look for in future sources.
The Last Samurai. Dir. Edward Zwick. Perf. Tom Cruise. 2003. Film.
This film provides accurate the Satsuma Rebellion. It is very helpful because it gave us a visual interpretation of the event and the information given in the movie is partially correct as far as historical accuracy.
Mitchell, Joseph R. Taking Sides: Clashing Views in World History: the Ancient World to the
Pre-modern Era ;. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Contemporary Learning Series, 2007.
This book provided us with clashing viewpoints regarding the Meiji Restoration and whether or not it was a revolution. It also provided good analysis on the events that occurred during the Restoration itself.
Perez, Louis G. The History of Japan. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2009.
This book provides various analytical histories of Japan throughout its history, including the Meiji Restoration. It describes the major changes in Japan’s society throughout its history. It was helpful for our understanding of the major changes that occurred in Japan.
Pilbeam, Mavis. Japan under the Shoguns, 1185-1868. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.
This book was helpful because it gave us a general view of the Meiji Restoration and what took place. This was a good starting place for our research and was a reliable source because it agrees with other sources.
Reingold, Edwin M. Chrysanthemums and Thorns: the Untold Story of Modern Japan. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.
This source was helpful for our understanding on the “untold stories” modern Japan, including some events that took place during the Meiji Restoration. Reingold contends that the real story of Japan’s economic revival is a success that has been achieved at tremendous human cost.
Reischauer, Edwin O., and Edwin O. Reischauer. The Japanese Today: Change and Continuity. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1988.
This source was a very detailed source that both gave factual information about the Perry negotiations and the Meiji restoration as well as connected that to how Japan ended up as the power it is today. This book was essential to our research.
Reynolds, Robert L. Commodore Perry In Japan. New York: American Heritage, 1963.
This book provided insightful, easy to read information on the negotiations and diplomacy that took place during Commodore Perry’s expedition to Japan. It also gave us good information on the aftermath of the diplomacy, including more of the unequal treaties that were made in Japan by other countries.
Roberts, John G. Black Ships and Rising Sun: the Opening of Japan to the West. New York: J. Messner, 1971.
This book gives us a description of the Commodore Perry mission, and it also depicts how Japanese leadership changed in the aftermath of the mission. It also provides good information on the national turmoil and debate that ensued after the unequal treaties, specifically Perry’s mission.
Siniawer, Eiko Maruko. Ruffians, Yakuza, Nationalists: the Violent Politics of Modern Japan, 1860-1960. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2008.
This source describes the violent politics during the Meiji Era, and how the government had little experience of democracy before the Western encroachment. It is helpful in our understanding of the turmoil that occurred during this time period.
Somerville, Barbara A. Samurai, Shoguns, and Soldiers: the Rise of the Japanese Military. Detroit: Lucent, 2008.
This book describes the pivotal eras during Japan including the Meiji era, and describes how industrialization and modernization was difficult during the Meiji Restoration. It also discussed how powerful the military was during Meiji Japan.
"World Timelines - Japan - AD 1868-1912 Meiji." World Timelines - Home. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/asia/japan/AD1868-1912>.
This internet timeline is very helpful in our understanding of the general overview of events that occurred during Meiji Japan. It provides a brief summary of each event.
